How do they check for bladder cancer? Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bladder, the organ that stores urine. Detecting bladder cancer early is crucial for successful treatment and better patient outcomes. In this article, we will explore the various methods used to diagnose bladder cancer, including physical examinations, imaging tests, and laboratory procedures.
One of the first steps in checking for bladder cancer is a physical examination. The doctor will examine the patient’s general health, including checking the abdomen for any lumps or masses. They may also perform a rectal or vaginal exam to feel for abnormalities in the bladder area.
Imaging tests are another important tool in diagnosing bladder cancer. These tests provide detailed images of the inside of the bladder and surrounding tissues. The most common imaging tests used for bladder cancer include:
- Cystoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, lighted tube called a cystoscope into the urethra and into the bladder. The cystoscope allows the doctor to see the inside of the bladder and remove any suspicious tissue for further examination.
- CT scan: A CT scan, or computed tomography scan, uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. It can help identify tumors and determine their size and location.
- Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the internal organs. It can help detect abnormalities in the bladder and surrounding tissues.
- MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body’s organs and tissues. It is particularly useful for detecting small tumors and determining the extent of the cancer.
After obtaining imaging results, the doctor may recommend a urine test to check for blood or abnormal cells. This test is called a urine cytology. If blood is found in the urine, the doctor may order a urine culture to rule out an infection.
One of the most definitive methods for diagnosing bladder cancer is a biopsy. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed from the bladder and examined under a microscope. There are several types of biopsies that can be performed, including:
- Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT): This procedure involves using a cystoscope to remove a piece of the tumor for examination.
- Transurethral needle biopsy: A needle is inserted through the urethra to remove a small tissue sample from the bladder wall.
- Open biopsy: This procedure involves making an incision in the abdomen to remove a tissue sample from the bladder wall.
In conclusion, detecting bladder cancer involves a combination of physical examinations, imaging tests, and laboratory procedures. Early detection and diagnosis are essential for effective treatment and improving patient survival rates. If you have any concerns about bladder cancer or notice symptoms such as blood in the urine, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
