Why is Man a Political Animal in Aristotle’s View?
Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, famously described humans as “political animals” in his work “Politics.” This statement encapsulates his belief that human nature is inherently social and political. This essay explores the reasons behind Aristotle’s assertion and examines how his views on human nature and society contribute to his understanding of politics.
Human Nature and the Search for Happiness
Aristotle posits that the pursuit of happiness is the ultimate goal of human life. However, he argues that happiness cannot be achieved in isolation. Instead, it is a collective endeavor that requires the participation of others. This is where the concept of the “political animal” comes into play. According to Aristotle, humans are uniquely suited for living in communities and engaging in political activities because it is through these interactions that they can fulfill their potential for happiness.
The Social and Political Nature of Humans
Aristotle emphasizes the social and political nature of humans by highlighting the importance of family, friendship, and the state. He believes that humans are naturally inclined to form relationships with others, and these relationships are essential for their well-being. The family is the first community that humans belong to, and it serves as the foundation for their social development. As individuals grow and mature, they become part of the broader political community, which is the state.
The State as the Highest Form of Community
For Aristotle, the state is the highest form of community and the most suitable environment for human flourishing. He argues that the state is a necessary institution for the protection of individual rights and the promotion of the common good. The state provides a framework for the regulation of social interactions, the establishment of laws, and the administration of justice. By living in a state, individuals can contribute to the overall well-being of the community and, in turn, achieve their own happiness.
Political Participation and the Good Life
Aristotle asserts that political participation is essential for the good life. He believes that citizens should actively engage in the affairs of the state, as this allows them to develop their virtues and contribute to the common good. By participating in politics, individuals can exercise their reason, cultivate their moral character, and ultimately achieve happiness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Aristotle’s view that humans are “political animals” stems from his belief in the importance of social and political interactions for human flourishing. He argues that the pursuit of happiness, the development of virtue, and the fulfillment of one’s potential are all contingent upon living in a community and engaging in political activities. By understanding the political nature of humans, we can gain insight into the essence of Aristotle’s political philosophy and its enduring relevance to contemporary society.
