Who is the author of Natya Shastra? This question has intrigued scholars and enthusiasts of Indian classical dance and theater for centuries. The Natya Shastra, often hailed as the “Sanskrit treatise on drama,” is a foundational text in the field of Indian performing arts. Despite its significant influence on the evolution of Indian theater, the identity of its author remains a mystery to this day.
The Natya Shastra is believed to have been written around the 2nd century BCE, during the Gupta Empire. It is said to have been composed by a sage named Bharata Muni, who is also credited with the compilation of the Mahabharata epic. However, there is no concrete evidence to support this claim, and the true authorship of the text remains a subject of debate among scholars.
One theory suggests that the Natya Shastra was compiled by various authors over time, with the name “Bharata Muni” being attached to it as a pseudonym or a way to unify the various texts. This theory is supported by the fact that the text itself contains references to earlier works on theater and dance, indicating that it was not a single, unified work.
Another theory posits that the Natya Shastra was written by a group of scholars, with each chapter or section being contributed by different experts in the field of theater and dance. This would explain the diverse range of topics covered in the text, from acting techniques to stagecraft, from music to costume design.
Regardless of the true authorship, the Natya Shastra has had a profound impact on the development of Indian performing arts. It provides detailed instructions on various aspects of theater, including the roles of actors, the structure of plays, and the use of music, dance, and dialogue. The text has been instrumental in shaping the traditional forms of Indian theater, such as the classical dance forms of Bharatanatyam, Kathak, and Odissi.
The Natya Shastra’s influence extends beyond India, as it has inspired artists and scholars in other parts of the world. Its principles have been studied and applied in the fields of theater, dance, and film, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the performing arts.
In conclusion, while the identity of the author of the Natya Shastra remains a mystery, the text’s impact on the world of performing arts is undeniable. Whether it was written by a single sage, a group of scholars, or even a collective effort over time, the Natya Shastra stands as a testament to the rich tradition of Indian theater and dance.
