What does partial empty sella mean?
A partial empty sella syndrome (PESS) is a condition that affects the brain and its surrounding structures. The term “empty sella” refers to a situation where the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the skull that houses the pituitary gland, appears empty on an MRI scan. In a partial empty sella, the space is only partially filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This condition is more common in women than in men and can occur at any age, although it is most frequently diagnosed in middle-aged adults.
The partial empty sella syndrome is often a result of the CSF pressure being lower than normal, which causes the fluid to leak into the鞍内空间. This leakage can be due to various factors, such as:
1. Head trauma: A blow to the head can disrupt the normal CSF pressure and lead to the development of a partial empty sella.
2. Pituitary gland tumors: Some pituitary tumors can cause the CSF to leak into the sella turcica.
3. Spinal fluid leaks: A tear in the dura mater, the protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord, can allow CSF to leak into the surrounding tissues.
4. Idiopathic causes: In some cases, the exact cause of a partial empty sella is unknown.
The symptoms of a partial empty sella can vary widely, and many individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. Common symptoms include:
1. Headaches: Headaches are one of the most common symptoms of a partial empty sella, particularly when the individual is standing up or bending over.
2. Visual disturbances: Some individuals may experience double vision or blurred vision due to pressure on the optic nerves.
3. Hormonal imbalances: A partial empty sella can affect the pituitary gland’s ability to produce hormones, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and menstrual irregularities.
4. Cognitive changes: Some individuals may experience memory problems or difficulty concentrating.
Diagnosis of a partial empty sella is typically made through an MRI scan, which can show the empty or partially empty sella. Treatment for PESS depends on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is necessary, as symptoms may be mild or non-existent. However, if symptoms are significant, treatment options may include:
1. Medications: Certain medications, such as diuretics, can help reduce CSF production and alleviate symptoms.
2. Steroid therapy: Steroids can be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the鞍内空间.
3. Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to repair a CSF leak or to relieve pressure on the optic nerves.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for a partial empty sella can help individuals manage their condition and improve their quality of life. It is important for those with a partial empty sella to work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the best course of action for their specific situation.
