What is an explanatory research question? This type of research question aims to explain or understand the cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Unlike descriptive research questions that focus on describing phenomena, explanatory research questions seek to delve deeper into the reasons behind observed events or patterns. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of explanatory research questions, their importance in the research process, and provide examples to illustrate their usage.
Explanatory research questions often begin with “why” or “how.” They seek to uncover the underlying reasons for a particular phenomenon or the mechanisms that govern a process. By answering these questions, researchers can contribute to the existing body of knowledge and provide insights into complex issues. Here are some key features of explanatory research questions:
1. Focus on cause-and-effect relationships: Explanatory research questions aim to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. This involves identifying the independent variable (the factor that is believed to cause the effect) and the dependent variable (the factor that is believed to be affected by the independent variable).
2. Aim to provide explanations: These questions are designed to provide a comprehensive explanation for the observed phenomenon or event. The answers to these questions can help researchers understand the mechanisms behind the observed relationships.
3. Utilize both qualitative and quantitative methods: Explanatory research questions can be addressed using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This allows researchers to gather diverse types of data and analyze them in different ways to derive meaningful insights.
4. Require in-depth investigation: To answer an explanatory research question, researchers often need to conduct a thorough investigation that involves collecting and analyzing extensive data. This may include experiments, surveys, interviews, and case studies.
Here are a few examples of explanatory research questions:
– Why do students from low-income families tend to perform poorly in school?
– How does social media usage affect adolescents’ mental health?
– Why do some individuals develop heart disease while others do not, despite similar lifestyles?
In conclusion, an explanatory research question is crucial for understanding the underlying reasons behind observed phenomena. By addressing these questions, researchers can contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields. The process of formulating and answering these questions requires careful planning, thorough investigation, and a deep understanding of the subject matter.
