What are the four questions asked at Passover? This is a question that has intrigued many for centuries. Passover, also known as Pesach, is one of the most important Jewish holidays, celebrating the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. Central to this celebration is the Seder, a ritual meal that includes the recitation of these four questions, known as the “Mah Nishtanah.” Let’s delve into the significance and the history behind these questions.
The first question, “Why is it that on all other nights we eat either leavened or unleavened bread, but on this night we eat only unleavened bread?” (Mah Nishtanah ha-lachma hazeh mikol ha-lachmot), highlights the unique aspect of Passover, which is the consumption of matzah, an unleavened bread. This question serves as a reminder of the haste in which the Israelites left Egypt, as they did not have time to let their bread rise.
The second question, “Why is it that on all other nights we eat either sitting or reclining, but on this night we recline?” (Mah Nishtanah ha-lachma hazeh she-nishatun al ha-levanim), touches upon the custom of reclining during the Seder. This practice symbolizes freedom, as it was customary for slaves to sit, while free people would recline. It signifies the transition from slavery to freedom.
The third question, “Why is it that on all other nights we eat all kinds of vegetables, but on this night we eat bitter herbs?” (Mah Nishtanah ha-lachma hazeh she-nishatun al maror), focuses on the consumption of maror, which represents the bitterness of slavery. This question serves as a reminder of the hardships faced by the Israelites during their time in Egypt.
The fourth and final question, “Why is it that on all other nights we eat either meat or fish, but on this night we eat both?” (Mah Nishtanah ha-lachma hazeh she-nishatun al korech), addresses the custom of eating korech, a mixture of meat and matzah. This question symbolizes the unity of the Jewish people, as it combines the elements of the past (meat) and the present (matzah).
These four questions are not only a part of the Seder ritual but also serve as a means to educate and engage participants in the significance of Passover. They encourage reflection on the past, present, and future of the Jewish people, emphasizing the importance of freedom, unity, and the continuity of tradition.
In conclusion, the four questions asked at Passover are not just a series of inquiries but a powerful tool for understanding the holiday’s core values. They remind us of the struggles faced by our ancestors and the importance of freedom, unity, and tradition. As we gather for the Seder, let us take the time to ponder these questions and appreciate the rich heritage of Passover.
