What do Realists Believe in International Relations?
International relations, as a field of study, has been shaped by various theoretical perspectives, each offering unique insights into the complexities of global politics. Among these perspectives, realism stands out as one of the most influential and enduring. Realists believe in a world driven by power, self-interest, and anarchy, where states are the primary actors and their survival is the ultimate goal. This article delves into the core beliefs of realists in international relations.
1. Anarchy in the International System
Realists argue that the international system is characterized by anarchy, meaning there is no central authority or world government to enforce rules and regulations. In this environment, states are left to their own devices, and the absence of a higher power leads to a constant struggle for power and security. Realists believe that this anarchy is the fundamental reality of international relations and shapes the behavior of states.
2. State Survival as the Ultimate Goal
According to realists, the primary goal of states in international relations is to ensure their survival. They argue that states are rational actors that prioritize their own interests and security above all else. Realists believe that states will engage in various forms of competition, cooperation, and conflict to achieve this goal, as the international system does not provide a guarantee of security.
3. Power as the Key Factor
Realists emphasize the importance of power in international relations. They argue that power is a fundamental characteristic of states and is derived from their military, economic, and political capabilities. Realists believe that states will seek to maximize their power to enhance their security and influence in the international system. Power, in turn, determines a state’s ability to protect itself and achieve its objectives.
4. Self-Interest as the Motivating Force
Realists contend that states act out of self-interest, pursuing policies that benefit their own security and well-being. They argue that states are not guided by moral or ethical considerations but rather by a desire to maintain their power and position in the international system. Realists believe that self-interest is the driving force behind state behavior and shapes the international order.
5. Realism and International Security
Realists focus on the challenges of international security and the need for states to balance their interests and power. They argue that the international system is inherently insecure, and states must be vigilant in protecting themselves from potential threats. Realists advocate for policies that enhance a state’s power and security, such as alliances, military build-ups, and the pursuit of strategic interests.
Conclusion
In conclusion, realists in international relations believe in a world driven by power, self-interest, and anarchy. They argue that states are the primary actors in the international system, and their survival is the ultimate goal. Realism provides a framework for understanding the complexities of global politics and the behavior of states in an insecure and competitive international environment. While realist theories have faced criticism and challenges over the years, they remain a cornerstone of international relations theory and continue to influence the study and practice of global politics.
