What does Islam say about inheritance?
Inheritance is a significant aspect of Islamic law, known as Sharia, which governs various aspects of life for Muslims. The Islamic perspective on inheritance is deeply rooted in the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah (the practices and sayings of Prophet Muhammad). This article aims to explore the principles and rules of inheritance in Islam, highlighting its importance and the equitable distribution of wealth among family members.
Equitable Distribution of Wealth
One of the fundamental principles of Islamic inheritance is the equitable distribution of wealth among the inheritors. The Quran states, “Allah commands you to render back your trust to those to whom it is due, and when you judge between men, to judge with justice.” (4:58) This verse emphasizes the importance of fairness and justice in inheritance matters.
Types of Inheritors
In Islam, there are specific categories of inheritors who are entitled to receive a share of the deceased’s estate. These categories are:
1. Children: The Quran stipulates that children have a priority in inheritance. The share of each child depends on their age and relationship with the deceased.
2. Spouses: A surviving spouse is also entitled to a share of the inheritance, which varies depending on the number of surviving children and the deceased’s parents.
3. Parents: If the deceased had parents, they are also considered inheritors, with a specific share designated for each parent.
4. Siblings: In some cases, siblings may be entitled to a share of the inheritance, depending on the presence of other inheritors.
5. Grandchildren, uncles, aunts, and other relatives: In certain situations, these individuals may also be considered inheritors.
Fixed Shares
The Quran provides fixed shares for each category of inheritor. These shares are as follows:
1. Children: Each child, whether male or female, is entitled to a specific share of the estate. The share varies depending on the number of children.
2. Spouses: A surviving spouse’s share depends on the presence of children and parents. If there are children, the spouse’s share is half of the estate; if there are no children but there are parents, the spouse’s share is one-third of the estate; and if there are no children or parents, the spouse’s share is one-fourth of the estate.
3. Parents: Each parent is entitled to one-sixth of the estate if there are children, and one-third of the estate if there are no children.
4. Siblings: Each sibling is entitled to one-eighth of the estate if there are no children or parents, and one-sixteenth of the estate if there are children.
5. Grandchildren, uncles, aunts, and other relatives: Their shares are determined based on their specific relationship to the deceased.
Wills and Exemptions
While the Quran and Sunnah provide guidelines for the distribution of inheritance, Muslims are also allowed to make wills to distribute their wealth as they wish. However, these wills must not contradict the Islamic principles of inheritance. In some cases, certain individuals may be exempt from inheritance, such as those who have disinherited their parents or children.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Islam places great emphasis on the equitable distribution of wealth through inheritance. The principles and rules of inheritance in Islam are designed to ensure fairness and justice among family members. By adhering to these guidelines, Muslims can ensure that their assets are distributed according to their wishes and the teachings of their faith.
